Saturday, January 1, 2011

Basic maintenance

-from Drauto

Basic:

Air filter: replacing every 5 万公里。Check every engine oil change
Brake fluid: check every engine oil change, replace every 4-5 years.

Engine oil:
Ø       一年建议更换两次, 春秋各一次。
Ø       5W30 比10W30 要好是毫无疑问的。
Ø       According to Society of Automotive Engineers publications, 机油被划分为5个等级:
Group 1 – not being used on engine,汽车上不使用
Group 2 – 我们所使用的普通机油
Group 3 – lowest cost of synthetic engine oils, Castrol Syntec 属于这种。
Group 4 –  Mobile 1 属于这种。 因此Mobile 1 肯定好于Castrol Syntec。
Group 5 –  Red line Synthetic oil 属于这种,但是汽车上不使用。

All synthetic engine oil perform better than Group 2 ( mineral 普通机油)
也是毫无疑问的。你可以春季使用普通机油,秋季使用synthetic. 因为synthetic 更容易让汽车启动,尤其对于old engine
in cold climate, 因为它可以在低温下保持良好的流动性。但是他的成本是普通机油的3-4倍。

Coolant: 3-4年flush 一次。非常有必要。因为coolant 里面的成分,尤其抗氧化剂减少,里面会产生很多的泡沫状的油腻东西,
会堵塞radiator。

ATF: check every oil change. Engine is running and transmission is in
park. Check the dipstick.

驱动皮带: 每4年更换。
Ø       每个月的基本check: coolant, brake fluid, transmission fluid(engine
idle @ Park), engine oil(engine off), power steering fluid. Battery,
drive belt.

Ø       不要自己给自己制造麻烦:brake, battery, tire 一定选用最好的。
Ø       很旧的汽车部件,最好别动,否则就是带来money 的问题。尤其brake. Exhaust,
有时候一个螺丝花费technician 一个小时甚至更多,还要借助很多工具。

Ø       如果你的汽车有问题,你最好知道是什么问题,可修
可不修的问题,必须修理的问题,一定搞清楚。必须修理的问题图节省钱而不修理,结果是相反。因为可能造成更多的损坏。
Ø       如果没有一个安全的jack, 本人不建议owner 自己do oil change. 很危险。Oil change
当然要同时更换oil filter.

Ø       到Canadian Tire 购买一些添加剂: Save Gas, Engine Tune-up, Injector
Cleaner, Carburetor cleaner 等,按照direction 使用即可。   Carburetor cleaner
可以帮助清理throttle body 内部的carbon building. 所有这些都由可能影响汽车engine
performance. 比如poor idle, 加速漏油,hesitation @ acceleration, stall
等。有时候,一根细小的fiber 可以让你花费300$. 这些添加剂,最好一年使用2次。Be sure the cleaner is
safe for Oxygen sensor!!!!!!!!!(有些车的throttle body 上面的标签警告: no cleaning
the throttle  body,因为她们已经作了特殊处理,这种情况下,你不需要使用,否则反而不好,)
不要喷射WD40之类的lubricate 到engine 内部, 因为这些lubricate 未必是O2 sensor safe
的,使用后可能会损坏O2 sensor. 其他海包括RTV, 含silicon 的coolant, lead in the fuel.
Gasoline octane boosters  等

Ø       The new ball-type injectors are self-cleaning.
Ø       morning sick: 症状为早晨起来车的方向盘非常的沉,车热了以后,就恢复了正常。 这是由于液压助力 Rack and
Pinion 内部泄漏造成的。维护的办法大都是整个更换。但是你可以到Canadian tire 买power steering leak
stop 添加剂try, 在症状的初期,应该是管用的。但是晚期就别无选择了

Ø       engine 正常应该是几乎没有振动的,尤其是V6, 4 cylinder 的稍微震动。如果idle
的时候,发动机震动很厉害,可能是其中的一个缸工作不好了。原因很多,50% 是 fuel injector 造成的,其次是 ignition
system ,such as spark plug, spark plug wire, distributor, ignition
coil 等, 可能的话,take out the spark plug 看看是否有carbon building on the tip.

Ø       不要轻易wash engine, 有时候,代价是高昂的。就是在shop 里面,也不建议清洗。 最好是用纸沾一些 soap
擦,当然可依使用engine cleaner, engine cleaner is very strong and can erode
the body paint, 因此注意不要把engine cleaner 喷到汽车得表面了。 Or 到Canadian Tire 买
Brake parts cleaner, spray on it。Steam cleaning is an absolute no no!
Ø       注意spark plug wire 不要直接接触任何 发动机。 高温容易老化,30 000 – 40 000 伏
的高压很容易击穿老化的保护层,造成hard starting. 看看spark plug wire 是否有击穿的点?灰白颜色的。
你可以自己更换spark plug wire, 但是注意其中的顺序,否者发动机工作不正常。 如果更换spark plug wire,
一定同时更换spark plug. 不要再汽车running 时候,拔下spark plug wire, 会造成ignition
system 和人身的伤害。Do not change spark plug wire routing.

Ø       不要让brake fluid 直接与空气接触。 空气中的moisture 容易进入brake fluid, 腐蚀brake
system. 氧化内部的密封seal. 同时, brake fluid 是一种很强的溶剂,可以腐蚀掉汽车表面的油漆和皮革的颜色。

Ø       看看电池是否电极生锈。如果生锈的花,可以到luck 97 买一些soda, 融水后, 清洗,然后把电极拧紧,再喷上一层
oil 即可。 一点点的锈 或者 松动, 都会引起hard starting, battery charging, 点火等问题。12v
的电压,starter 启动时需要50-70 am 的电流。你自己计算那跟线的电阻应该多少吧, 如果该电阻(from pole of the
battery to starter connector,包括两个联结点的电阻)大于0.3 欧姆,replace it.

Ø       Oil change:  不要错误的认为engine oil and ATF
越多越好,其实不然,越多,润滑效果反而降低。ATF 多了,反而产生更多的热量,造成transmission 在低速工作。Too much
fluid will cause it to foam by the moving parts inside the engine or
transmission, which stir up the fluid and introduce air into it. This
foamy fluid cannot adequately lubricate or operate the pats. like the
steamed milk that sits on the top of a cappuccino 。 Oil change
一定同时更换filter. 请参考“engine oil 的故事”

Ø       其实, regular oil change 对新车的保养并不够的。Oil pressure 是汽车的命脉,engine
内部管道oil gallery 的堵塞是汽车功率降低更换engine 的主要原因。每次的更换机油之后,依然有1/2 liter 的
highly contaminated carryover oil 存留在engine 内部,它会立即污染掉刚刚更换的fresh oil.
普通办法是不能去出来的,只能采用特殊的方法,比如使用vacuum extraction, or high pulsating
pressure air, specially formulated solution flush,
只可惜,这种服务很多人认识不到,而且普通shop 里面也不提供,Dealer 那里也没有。
Ø       Oil 变质:Oil undergoes thermal breakdown due to high operating
temperature. When this occurs, the oil becomes less effective as a
lubricant. And without a good lubricant (read: expensive), parts of
the engine rub together and wear each other out. You’ll need some type
of oil-filter wrench; here are two sizes of socket-style cap wrenches
— one fitted to an oil filter and the other to a 3/8-inch-drive
breaker bar handle.Oil also contains additives that have the ability
to neutralize acids. Over time, these additives get used up and stop
being effective. Finally, oil can absorb water, dust and combustion
byproducts and also hold them in suspension. Eventually, the oil gets
saturated with this stuff and can't absorb any more. Then that stuff
remains in the engine and can cause corrosion.

Ø       Oil check: drip some engine oil from the dipstick onto the hot
exhaust manifold. If the oil bubbles or boils, coolant (water) is
present in the oil.

Ø       在-25 Degree 的温度下,engine 启动后,至少3分钟的时间,整个系统才得到充分润滑。

Ø       ATF:  smell the ATF, no burned or rancid means ok; look at the
color, it should be red or light brown. A dark brown or black color
indicates severe oxidation.

Ø       coolant level 的check, 一定是打开radiator cap check, 因为由可能hose leak,
造成coolant system can not suck in coolant from the container when
pressure is low.如果coolant hose 出现swell or crack,
一定尽快更换,不要自找麻烦,还要多花钱。Check for coolant acidity to avoid damage to
internal parts. The ideal PH range is etween 9.8 and 10.2. flush the
system and replace coolant if the PH is less than 9 . check for stray
voltage in the engine coolant to avoid corrosion damage, especially to
radiators and heater cores. If voltage is more than 0.1v. flush the
system and replace the coolant

Ø       正确驾驶,尽量不要 “打死轮”;那样会给steering pump 和 hose 很大的压力,造成pump and hose
[zx1] sweating and leak! 在转动steering wheel 的同时,应该轻轻松开brake.这样可以释放部分压力

Ø       Always keep the fuel gauge above one-quarter tank:
水的密度大于汽油,水会在油箱地步聚集。Moisture in the air inside the fuel tank can
condense.所以,你应该定期使用除水剂。Canadian Tire shelf #13 or #8有卖。
Ø       Do not over fill fuel tank。 当加油站的pump 自动停止加油以后,你的tank
还可以继续添加大概10-15% of the tank, 这部分空间是为了汽油的膨胀准备的。Overfill 会造成liquid fuel
被drawn into the charcoal canister.更多的油会冲刷flush engine cylinder.
Overfill 的后果就是最少500$ 的维修。

Ø       尽量保持fuel tank 在1/4 以上. 建议refill when less than half, the fuel
pump is cooled by fuel.

Ø       不要将汽车的gasoline 用尽了,Running out of gas should not damage the
engine, however, if one were to keep trying to start the engine with
no gas, the fuel pump may be damaged. 因为fuel pump need fuel to cool it

Ø       Change your fuel filter, save your fuel pump.

Ø       如果你每天的驾驶总的行程在10公里以内,建议你周末开一个 一次行程在10公里以上的。 这样减少发动机的carbon
building inside the engine.

Ø       Overheating can be expensive, 代价是高昂的。 所有的机械师的噩梦就是overheat
after rebuilding a engine.每一次rebuild engine 之后,机械师都最少需要让发动机运转30
分钟,当然这30分钟时间是charge labor 的。

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